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British Journal of Visual Impairment, Vol. 25, No. 3, 233-247 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0264619607079800
© 2007 SAGE Publications

The effect of self-talk on the penalty execution in goalball

Eirini Stamou

University of Thessaly, Greece

Yiannis Theodorakis

University of Thessaly, Greece, theodorakis{at}pe.uth.gr

Dimitrios Kokaridas

University of Thessaly, Greece

Stefanos Perkos

University of Thessaly, Greece

Melpomeni Kessanopoulou

University of Thessaly, Greece

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and preference of the two different types of self-talk (instructional and motivational) on penalty execution skill in goalball and gain insight on the athletes' perceptions concerning self-talk use and its influence on their performance. The sample consisted of six female athletes, aged 26—40 years old (mean = 33 years), all members of the national goalball team representing Greece in the Paralympic Games in Athens 2004. In each experimental procedure, five athletes were the subjects of an instructional and a motivational self-talk test while executing 20 penalties, with a rest period following the first 10 penalties. One athlete was stable defending the other athletes' shooting and she was not involved in any test during each experimental procedure. Although non-parametric statistics indicated no difference on performance, the results revealed a percentage difference on performance ranging from 1.5 per cent to 26.1 per cent for each athlete in favour of instructional self-talk in all three experimental procedures. Finally, participants showed preference toward the use of instructional self-talk to improve their penalty execution skill.

Key Words: goalball • penalty execution • self-talk • sport


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